The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a stark warning about the escalating health risks associated with extreme heat, highlighting it as a significant environmental and occupational hazard. According to WHO, heat stress is now the leading cause of weather-related deaths and can exacerbate underlying health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and asthma. The organization emphasized that heatstroke, a medical emergency with a high fatality rate, is becoming increasingly common.

Climate change has significantly increased the number of people exposed to extreme heat across all world regions. Data shows that heat-related mortality among individuals over 65 years old rose by approximately 85% between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021. On average, around 489,000 heat-related deaths occur annually, with Asia and Europe bearing the brunt of these fatalities. In Europe alone, the summer of 2022 saw an estimated 61,672 heat-related excess deaths. High-intensity heatwaves can cause acute mortality, as evidenced by the 70,000 deaths during Europe’s 2003 heatwave and the 56,000 deaths in Russia in 2010.

The vulnerability to heat is influenced by both physiological factors, such as age and health status, and exposure factors, including occupation and socio-economic conditions. The WHO has pointed out that the negative health impacts of heat are predictable and largely preventable through targeted public health policies and interventions. The organization has issued comprehensive guidance for public health institutions to manage extreme heat risks, stressing that effective action on climate change and preparedness can save lives.

Heatwaves, characterized by prolonged periods of excessive heat, are increasing in frequency and intensity due to climate change. These events create cumulative stress on the human body, increasing the risk of illness and death. They also trigger public health emergencies, disrupt essential services, and have significant socio-economic impacts, including reduced work capacity and productivity. The WHO has highlighted that more people are becoming susceptible to heat-related health issues due to aging populations and the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases.

The WHO’s response includes promoting the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change’s impact. The organization supports the health sector in developing heat action plans, early warning systems, and emergency response plans. Additionally, the WHO collaborates with the Global Heat Health Information Network and the World Meteorological Organization to enhance the understanding and management of extreme heat risks. The WHO’s proactive approach aims to protect vulnerable populations and improve resilience against the growing threat of extreme heat.