NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg announced on Wednesday that the alliance is updating its nuclear capabilities to address current security threats, particularly in light of increased nuclear activity and rhetoric from Russia. Speaking before a two-day NATO defense ministers’ meeting in Brussels, which includes a session of the alliance’s nuclear planning group, Stoltenberg emphasized the importance of nuclear weapons as NATO’s “ultimate security guarantee” and a tool to maintain peace.

Stoltenberg highlighted recent developments, such as the Netherlands declaring its first F-35 fighter jets ready to carry nuclear arms and the U.S. modernizing its nuclear arsenal in Europe. These efforts are part of what he termed “the ongoing adaptation” of NATO’s nuclear capabilities. The NATO chief noted a rise in Russian nuclear exercises and rhetoric, describing these actions as dangerous and provocative.

On Tuesday, Russia announced the second stage of drills involving the deployment of tactical nuclear weapons with Belarusian troops, citing perceived threats from Western powers. Since the onset of the Ukraine conflict on February 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin has repeatedly suggested that Russia could resort to nuclear weapons in extreme situations.

Stoltenberg also mentioned the growing threat from China, noting Beijing’s plans to increase its number of nuclear missiles, many of which could potentially reach NATO territory. This modernization is expected to significantly enhance China’s nuclear capabilities in the coming years.

Russia has accused the U.S. and its European allies of escalating global tensions by supplying Ukraine with billions of dollars worth of weapons, some of which have been used against Russian targets. Stoltenberg’s remarks underscore NATO’s commitment to adapting its defense strategies in response to these evolving threats.

The discussions in Brussels reflect NATO’s broader strategic priorities as it navigates a complex international security landscape marked by renewed nuclear threats from both Russia and China.